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Manual handling of loads
Manual handling of loads (MHL), manual material handling (MMH) involves the use of the human body to lift, lower, fill, empty, or carry loads.〔Cheung, Zin, Rick Hight, Ken Jackson, Jitan Patel, and Fran Wagner, (2007). (Ergonomic Guidelines for Manual Material Handling ) DHHS Publication 2007-131. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Retrieved October 7, 2008.〕 The load can be animate (a person or animal) or inanimate (an object). Most manufacturing or distribution systems require some manual handling tasks. Though decreasing lately, the rate of workers in the EU-25 that report carrying or moving heavy loads, is still high (34.5%), reaching 38.0% in the EU-10. When performed incorrectly or excessively, these tasks may expose workers to physical risk factors, fatigue, and injury.〔Material Handling Industry of America, (2001). (Publications & resources: 2001 progress in material handling practice ). Retrieved October 7, 2008.〕 A variety of MMH techniques and tools exist to alleviate these potential problems.〔Triano, John J., and Nancy C. Selby, (2006, September 27). Manual material handling to prevent back injury. Spine-Health.com. Retrieved October 7, 2008.〕 In the UK all organisations have a duty to protect employees from injury from manual handling activities and this is outlined in The Manual Handling Operations (MHO) Regulations 1992. 〔http://www.citation.co.uk/health-and-safety/manual-handling Manual Handling
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==Manual handling hazards==
Any job that involves heavy labor or manual material handling may include a high risk for injury on the job. Manual material handling entails lifting, but also usually includes climbing, pushing, pulling, and pivoting, all of which pose the risk of injury to the back.〔 MMH work contributes to a large percentage of a 1.1 million cases of musculoskeletal disorders reported annually in the United States. Musculoskeletal disorders often involve strains and sprains to the lower back, shoulders, and upper limbs. Potentially injurious tasks may involve bending and twisting, repetitive motions, carrying or lifting heavy loads, and maintaining fixed positions for a long time. MMH under these conditions can lead to damaged muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and blood vessels.〔
Remember your health comes first, it is temporary so make good use of it.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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